Chapter 5 Extemporaneous Prescription Compounding

Chapter5 今日のメモ☆
今回は調剤学総論のような項。
- Solution（溶液）
- Suspensions （懸濁液）
- Emulsions （乳濁液）
- Powder （散剤）
- Capsules （カプセル剤）
- Tablets （錠剤）
- Ointments, Creams, Pastes, and Gels （軟膏,クリーム,ペースト,ゲル剤）
- Suppositories （坐薬）
- Parenteral Preparations （非経口剤）

Suspensions（懸濁液）
 Suspending agent（懸濁化剤） is needed
  ex) alginic acid（アルギン酸）, bentonite, VEEGUM, metylcellulose, and tragacanth

 Levigating agent is added (dispersion of insoluble particles)
  ex) glycerin, propylene glycolm alcohol, syrups, and water

 Preservatives & flovoring agents may be added

 particle size should be reduced with mortar(すり鉢）[insoluble powders]

 “Shake well” label

Emulsions（乳濁液）
 種類：oil-in-water(o/w), water-in-oil(w/o), oil-in-water-in-oil(o/w/o), water-in-oil-in-water(w/o/w)

 Emulsifying agent（乳化剤） is neede
  - Gum(acacia, tragacanth):o/w internal
  - methylcellulose, carboxylcellulose: o/w
  - soups: o/w&w/o external
  - Nonionic emulsifying agents o/w&w/o

 Preservataives & flovoring agents should be added
  ex) methylparaben(0.2%), propylparaben(0.02%), benzoic acid(0.05%)
  ※ preservation should be in the water phase, the flavor should be added to the external phase before emulsification.

 particle size should be reduced with mortar(すり鉢）& pestle（乳棒）or electric mixer[insoluble powders]

 "Shake well" label

Powder （散剤）
 Pulverization（粉砕） is done with mortar and pestle

 using Geometric Dilution（幾何学的希釈法）

Capsules （カプセル剤）
 大きさ：No.5(60-130mg)が最も小さく、No.0(325-910mg)が大きい。No.00(390-1300mg)やNo.000(650-2000mg)は人には適さない。

Sappositories （坐剤）
 Suppository base
  - Cocoa butter: rectal suppositories. fatty acid bases
  - Polyethylene glycol(PEG, carbowax): vaginal & rectal suppositories. water-soluble bases
  - Glycerinated gelatin: vaginal & rectal suppositories. water-miscible base

Parenteral Preparations （非経口剤）
 Proper equipment, supplies, facilities and strages are required

 An equivalent amount of sterile air is injected into the vial to prevent a negative vacuum.


Today's question
- Eutectic mixture(共融混合物)の問題
Q:Which statements about the following prescription are correct?
     Starch 10%
     Menthol 1%
     Camphor 2%
     Calamine, qs ad 120

(A) The powders should be blended together in a mortar, using geometric dilution
(B) The prescription should be prepared by dissolving the camphor in a sufficient amount of 90% alcohol
(C) A eutectic mixture should be avoided

A: only (A)